Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally and the most common among women in Eastern and Middle Africa. Tanzania has one of the highest incidence rates of cervical cancer in this region: 34.3 cases per 100,000 women.1 Low-and-middle-income countries such as Tanzania bear a disproportionate burden of cervical cancer incidence and mortality. These regions have not demonstrated the same reductions in cervical cancer rates that high-income countries have achieved with the introduction of the Papanicolaou smear and HPV vaccination campaigns. This disparity is largely fueled by resource limitations in screening programs and financial and social challenges to the acquisition, distribution, and acceptability of the HPV vaccine.2   "Low-and-middle-income countries such as Tanzania bear a disproportionate burden of cervical cancer incidence and mortality."   HIV infection imposes complex barriers to cervical cancer screening among women in Tanzania. Tanzanian women living with HIV are more likely to become infected with HPV and develop persistent infection leading to precancerous lesions. Patients living with...